Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 90-95% of cases. It is a heterogenous disease in terms of histology and its pathology, prognosis and schedule.
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Extracellular vesicles are small extracellular membrane-enclosed vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane containing different lipids, metabolites, proteins, RNAs and DNAs. Although discovered as early as 1967 and considered to be cell debris they were later recognized as bioactive mediators in cell-to -cell communication and critical players in both physiological and pathological conditions in the 1990s.
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Small interfering microRNA molecules (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA regulatory molecules that control a wide array of biological processes by translational inhibition. Due to their ability to be released into the blood as well as their sufficient stability in body fluids, miRNAs are used as specific biomarkers of numerous physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes.
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