sVAP-1 Human ELISA

Cat. No.	Size	Price
RAF117R	96 wells (1 kit)	$721,83

Technical Data

Type

Sandwich ELISA, Biotin-labelled antibody

Applications

Serum, Plasma-EDTA, Plasma-Heparin, Amniotic fluid, Cell culture supernatant

Sample Requirements

10 µl/sample

Shipping

At ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at the temperature recommended below.

Storage/Expiration

Store the complete kit at 2–8°C. Under these conditions, the kit is stable until the expiration date (see label on the box).

Calibration Curve

Calibration Range

31,3-2000 pg/ml

Limit of Detection

19 pg/ml

Intra-assay (Within-Run)

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run)

4,5%

Spiking Recovery

96% (82%-117%)

Dilution Linearity

89% (85%-96%)

Summary

Research topic

Cell adhesion proteins, Oncology

Summary

The ability of leukocytes to extravasate from the vasculature to the tissue space is a fundamental feature of the normal immune system. Several cell adhesion molecules play a key role in this complex process of initial and stable adhesion and diapedesis of leukocytes across the endothelial barrier. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is one of the endothelial cell adhesion molecules that mediates lymphocyte binding to the endothelium under shear conditions.
It is constitutively expressed mainly in high endothelial venules in peripheral lymph nodes. The expression of VAP-1 is induced by chronic inflammation in the vessels of the tonsil, gut, skin and synovium. VAP-1 is also present on sinusoidal and vascular endothelium in the liver under both normal and inflammatory conditions, however it is not found on any of the blood leukocytes.
VAP-1 expression has furthermore been shown in human cervix and vagina mucosa. In psoriasis and allergic lesions, VAP-1 is markedly upregulated.
The mature VAP-1 molecule is a 170 kDa homodimeric glycoprotein that consists of two 90 kDa subunits held together by disulfide bonds.
VAP-1 has a large extracellular domain, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The molecule has abundant sialic acid decorations that are essential to its adhesive function, because VAP-1 is unable to mediate lymphocyte adhesion to desialylated vessels. The leukocyte ligand for VAP-1 is currently unknown. Induction of VAP-1 has been shown at sites of inflam-mation, such as in inflammatory bowel diseases and chronic dermatoses, where expression of VAP-1 is clearly increased. It is constitutively expressed on hepatic endothelium playing a critical role in regulation of T-cell recirculation to the liver. Strong expression of VAP-1 on tumor endothelium distinguishes human hepatocellular carcinomas from colorectal hepatic metastases.
A circulating form of human Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (sVAP-1) has been characterized. This sVAP-1 has been shown to be elevated in sera of patients with certain liver diseases and a correlation with the diagnosis of the patients was demonstrated.

Product References (16)

References

Johansson EL, Rudin A, Wassén L, Holmgren J. Distribution of lymphocytes and adhesion molecules in human cervix and vagina. Immunology. 1999 Feb;96(2):272-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00675.x. PubMed PMID: 10233705. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC2326729. See more on PubMed
Salminen TA, Smith DJ, Jalkanen S, Johnson MS. Structural model of the catalytic domain of an enzyme with cell adhesion activity: human vascular adhesion protein-1 (HVAP-1) D4 domain is an amine oxidase. Protein Eng. 1998 Dec;11(12):1195-204. doi: 10.1093/protein/11.12.1195. PubMed PMID: 9930668. See more on PubMed
Kurkijärvi R, Adams DH, Leino R, Möttönen T, Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Circulating form of human vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1): increased serum levels in inflammatory liver diseases. J Immunol. 1998 Aug 1;161(3):1549-57. PubMed PMID: 9686623. See more on PubMed
Smith DJ, Salmi M, Bono P, Hellman J, Leu T, Jalkanen S. Cloning of vascular adhesion protein 1 reveals a novel multifunctional adhesion molecule. J Exp Med. 1998 Jul 6;188(1):17-27. doi: 10.1084/jem.188.1.17. PubMed PMID: 9653080. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC2525535. See more on PubMed
Salmi M, Hellman J, Jalkanen S. The role of two distinct endothelial molecules, vascular adhesion protein-1 and peripheral lymph node addressin, in the binding of lymphocyte subsets to human lymph nodes. J Immunol. 1998 Jun 1;160(11):5629-36. PubMed PMID: 9605169. See more on PubMed
Yoong KF, McNab G, Hübscher SG, Adams DH. Vascular adhesion protein-1 and ICAM-1 support the adhesion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to tumor endothelium in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunol. 1998 Apr 15;160(8):3978-88. PubMed PMID: 9558106. See more on PubMed
Salmi M, Tohka S, Berg EL, Butcher EC, Jalkanen S. Vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) mediates lymphocyte subtype-specific, selectin-independent recognition of vascular endothelium in human lymph nodes. J Exp Med. 1997 Aug 18;186(4):589-600. doi: 10.1084/jem.186.4.589. PubMed PMID: 9254657. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC2199032. See more on PubMed
Arvilommi AM, Salmi M, Jalkanen S. Organ-selective regulation of vascular adhesion protein-1 expression in man. Eur J Immunol. 1997 Jul;27(7):1794-800. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830270730. PubMed PMID: 9247594. See more on PubMed
Salmi M, Rajala P, Jalkanen S. Homing of mucosal leukocytes to joints. Distinct endothelial ligands in synovium mediate leukocyte-subtype specific adhesion. J Clin Invest. 1997 May 1;99(9):2165-72. doi: 10.1172/JCI119389. PubMed PMID: 9151788. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC508046. See more on PubMed
McNab G, Reeves JL, Salmi M, Hubscher S, Jalkanen S, Adams DH. Vascular adhesion protein 1 mediates binding of T cells to human hepatic endothelium. Gastroenterology. 1996 Feb;110(2):522-8. doi: 10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8566600. PubMed PMID: 8566600. See more on PubMed
Salmi M, Jalkanen S. Human vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) is a unique sialoglycoprotein that mediates carbohydrate-dependent binding of lymphocytes to endothelial cells. J Exp Med. 1996 Feb 1;183(2):569-79. doi: 10.1084/jem.183.2.569. PubMed PMID: 8627168. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC2192471. See more on PubMed
Salmi M, Jalkanen S. Different forms of human vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) in blood vessels in vivo and in cultured endothelial cells: implications for lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion models. Eur J Immunol. 1995 Oct;25(10):2803-12. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830251014. PubMed PMID: 7589075. See more on PubMed
Salmi M, Kalimo K, Jalkanen S. Induction and function of vascular adhesion protein-1 at sites of inflammation. J Exp Med. 1993 Dec 1;178(6):2255-60. doi: 10.1084/jem.178.6.2255. PubMed PMID: 8245796. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC2191278. See more on PubMed
Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1)--a new adhesion molecule recruiting lymphocytes to sites of inflammation. Res Immunol. 1993 Nov-Dec;144(9):746-9; discussion 754-62. doi: 10.1016/0923-2494(93)80060-c. PubMed PMID: 8159873. See more on PubMed
Jalkanen S, Salmi M. A novel endothelial cell molecule mediating lymphocyte binding in humans. Behring Inst Mitt. 1993 Aug;(92):36-43. PubMed PMID: 8250815. See more on PubMed
Salmi M, Jalkanen S. A 90-kilodalton endothelial cell molecule mediating lymphocyte binding in humans. Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1407-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1529341. PubMed PMID: 1529341. See more on PubMed

Summary References (16)

References to VAP-1

Arvilommi AM, Salmi M, Jalkanen S. Organ-selective regulation of vascular adhesion protein-1 expression in man. Eur J Immunol. 1997 Jul;27 (7):1794-800
Jalkanen S, Salmi M. A novel endothelial cell molecule mediating lymphocyte binding in humans. Behring Inst Mitt. 1993 Aug; (92):36-43
Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1)--a new adhesion molecule recruiting lymphocytes to sites of inflammation. Res Immunol. 1993 Nov-Dec;144 (9):746-9; discussion 754-62
Johansson EL, Rudin A, Wassen L, Holmgren J. Distribution of lymphocytes and adhesion molecules in human cervix and vagina. Immunology. 1999 Feb;96 (2):272-7
Kurkijarvi R, Adams DH, Leino R, Mottonen T, Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Circulating form of human vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1): increased serum levels in inflammatory liver diseases. J Immunol. 1998 Aug 1;161 (3):1549-57
McNab G, Reeves JL, Salmi M, Hubscher S, Jalkanen S, Adams DH. Vascular adhesion protein 1 mediates binding of T cells to human hepatic endothelium. Gastroenterology. 1996 Feb;110 (2):522-8
Salmi M, Hellman J, Jalkanen S. The role of two distinct endothelial molecules, vascular adhesion protein-1 and peripheral lymph node addressin, in the binding of lymphocyte subsets to human lymph nodes. J Immunol. 1998 Jun 1;160 (11):5629-36
Salmi M, Jalkanen S. A 90-kilodalton endothelial cell molecule mediating lymphocyte binding in humans. Science. 1992 Sep 4;257 (5075):1407-9
Salmi M, Jalkanen S. Different forms of human vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) in blood vessels in vivo and in cultured endothelial cells: implications for lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion models. Eur J Immunol. 1995 Oct;25 (10):2803-12
Salmi M, Jalkanen S. Human vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) is a unique sialoglycoprotein that mediates carbohydrate-dependent binding of lymphocytes to endothelial cells. J Exp Med. 1996 Feb 1;183 (2):569-79
Salmi M, Kalimo K, Jalkanen S. Induction and function of vascular adhesion protein-1 at sites of inflammation. J Exp Med. 1993 Dec 1;178 (6):2255-60
Salmi M, Rajala P, Jalkanen S. Homing of mucosal leukocytes to joints. Distinct endothelial ligands in synovium mediate leukocyte-subtype specific adhesion. J Clin Invest. 1997 May 1;99 (9):2165-72
Salmi M, Tohka S, Berg EL, Butcher EC, Jalkanen S. Vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) mediates lymphocyte subtype-specific, selectin-independent recognition of vascular endothelium in human lymph nodes. J Exp Med. 1997 Aug 18;186 (4):589-600
Salminen TA, Smith DJ, Jalkanen S, Johnson MS. Structural model of the catalytic domain of an enzyme with cell adhesion activity: human vascular adhesion protein-1 (HVAP-1) D4 domain is an amine oxidase. Protein Eng. 1998 Dec;11 (12):1195-204
Smith DJ, Salmi M, Bono P, Hellman J, Leu T, Jalkanen S. Cloning of vascular adhesion protein 1 reveals a novel multifunctional adhesion molecule. J Exp Med. 1998 Jul 6;188 (1):17-27
Yoong KF, McNab G, Hubscher SG, Adams DH. Vascular adhesion protein-1 and ICAM-1 support the adhesion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to tumor endothelium in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunol. 1998 Apr 15;160 (8):3978-88

By Research Topic

Cell adhesion proteins
Oncology

By Molecule

VAP-1

By Technical Data