Human IFN-gamma ELISA

Features

• RUO
• calibration range: 1.6 - 100 pg/ml
• limit of detection 0.99 pg/ml
• intra-assay CV = 4.5%
• inter-assay CV = 5.7%

Research topic

Cardiovascular disease, Coronary artery disease, Cytokines and chemokines and related molecules, Diabetology - Other Relevant Products, Immune Response, Infection and Inflammation, Neural tissue markers, Oncology, Transplantation

Summary

IFN, also called Type II interferon, is a homodimeric glycoprotein containing approximately 21 to 24 kD subunits. The Human IFN gene, situated on chromosome 12, contains three introns; the four exons code for a polypeptide of 166 amino acids, 20 of which constitute the signal peptide. In contrast to IFN and IFN synthesis, which can occur in any cell, production of IFN is a function of T cells and NK cells. All IFN inducers activate T cells either in a polyclonal (mitogens or antibodies) or in a clonally restricted, antigen-specific, manner. IFN is produced during infection by T cells of the cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype (CD8) and by a subtype of helper T cells, the Th1 cells. Th1 cells secrete IL-2, IL-3, TNF and IFN, whereas Th2 cells mainly produce IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10, but little or no IFN. IFN preferentially inhibits the proliferation of Th2 but not Th1 cells, indicating that the presence of IFN during an immune response will result in the preferential proliferation of Th1 cells. Type II IFN or IFN is a lymphokine that displays no molecular homology with type I IFN, but shares some important biologic activities. Specifically, IFN induces an anti-viral state and is anti-proliferative. In addition, IFN has several properties related to immunoregulation. (1) IFN is a potent activator of mononuclear phagocytes, e.g. IFN stimulates the expression of Mac-1, augments endocytosis and phagocytosis by monocytes, and activates macrophages to kill tumor cells by releasing reactive oxygen intermediates and TNF. (2) IFN induces or augments the expression of MHC antigens on macrophages , T and B cells and some tumor cell lines. (3) On T and B cells IFN promotes differentiation. It enhances proliferation of activated B cells and can act synergistically with IL-2 to increase immunoglobulin light-chain synthesis. IFN is one of the natural B-cell differentiation factors . (4) Finally, IFN activates neutrophils, NK cells and vascular endothelial cells .