Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Human ELISA (GFAP)

Cat. No.	Size	Price
RD192072200R	96 wells (1 kit)	$711

Technical Data

Type

Sandwich ELISA, Biotin-labelled antibody

Applications

Serum, Plasma-EDTA, Plasma-Heparin, Plasma-Citrate, Cerebrospinal fluid

Sample Requirements

35 µl/well

Shipping

At ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at the temperature recommended below.

Storage/Expiration

Store the complete kit at 2–8°C. Under these conditions, the kit is stable until the expiration date (see label on the box).

Calibration Curve

Calibration Range

0.25–25 ng/ml

Limit of Detection

0.045 ng/ml

Intra-assay (Within-Run)

n = 8; CV = 5.1%

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run)

n = 7; CV = 5.7%

Spiking Recovery

102,90%

Dilution Linearity

100,60%

Crossreactivity

bovine Not tested
cat Not tested
dog Not tested
goat Not tested
hamster Not tested
horse Not tested
human Not tested
chicken Not tested
monkey Not tested
mouse Not tested
pig Not tested
rabbit Not tested
rat Not tested
sheep Not tested

Summary

Features

It is intended for research use only
The total assay time is about 5 hours
The kit measures GFAP in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma
Assay format is 96 wells
Quality Controls are human serum based
Standard is purified native protein based
Components of the kit are provided ready to use, concentrated or lyophilized

Research topic

Neural tissue markers

Summary

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), as a member of the cytoskeletal protein family, is the principal 8-9 nm intermediate filament in mature astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). GFAP is a monomeric molecule with a molecular mass between 40 and 53 kDa and an isoelectric point between 5.7 and 5.8. GFAP is highly brain specific protein that is not found outside the CNS. Some studies showed that GFAP is released into the blood very soon after traumatic brain injury (TBI), that GFAP is related to brain injury severity and outcome after TBI and that GFAP is not released after multiple trauma without brain injury.

In the CNS following injury, either as a result of trauma, disease, genetic disorders, or chemical insult, astrocytes become reactive and respond in a typical manner, termed astrogliosis. Astrogliosis is characterized by rapid synthesis of GFAP. GFAP normally increases with age and there is a wide variation in collection and processing of human brain tissue. Thanks to the high brain specificity and early releasing from CNS after TBI, GFAP might be suitable marker for early diagnostics.

Areas of investigation: Brain injury, Ischemic stroke.

Product References (33)

References

Teitsdottir UD, Jonsdottir MK, Lund SH, Darreh-Shori T, Snaedal J, Petersen PH. Association of glial and neuronal degeneration markers with Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid profile and cognitive functions. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2020 Aug 4;12(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s13195-020-00657-8. PubMed PMID: 32753068. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC7404927. See more on PubMed
Ishiki A, Harada R, Kai H, Sato N, Totsune T, Tomita N, Watanuki S, Hiraoka K, Ishikawa Y, Funaki Y, Iwata R, Furumoto S, Tashiro M, Sasano H, Kitamoto T, Kudo Y, Yanai K, Furukawa K, Okamura N, Arai H. Neuroimaging-pathological correlations of [(18)F]THK5351 PET in progressive supranuclear palsy. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2018 Jun 29;6(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s40478-018-0556-7. PubMed PMID: 29958546. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC6025736. See more on PubMed
Olby NJ, Lim JH, Wagner N, Zidan N, Early PJ, Mariani CL, Muñana KR, Laber E. Time course and prognostic value of serum GFAP, pNFH, and S100β concentrations in dogs with complete spinal cord injury because of intervertebral disc extrusion. J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Mar;33(2):726-734. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15439. Epub 2019 Feb 13. PubMed PMID: 30758078. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC6430936. See more on PubMed
Kumpaitiene B, Svagzdiene M, Drigotiene I, Sirvinskas E, Sepetiene R, Zakelis R, Benetis R. Correlation among decreased regional cerebral oxygen saturation, blood levels of brain injury biomarkers, and cognitive disorder. J Int Med Res. 2018 Sep;46(9):3621-3629. doi: 10.1177/0300060518776545. Epub 2018 Jun 13. PubMed PMID: 29896989. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC6136023. See more on PubMed
Lyubimova NV, Timofeiev YS, Sushlinskii NE. [The glio-fibrillar acid protein in blood serum of patients with brain tumors and neurological diseases of non-tumorous etiology]. Klin Lab Diagn. 2016 Aug;61(8):466-9. PubMed PMID: 30601636. See more on PubMed
Pawliszak W, Szwed K, Słomka A, Piekuś-Słomka N, Szwed M, Kowalewski M, Żekanowska E, Borkowska A. Three-vessel coronary artery disease may predict changes in biochemical brain injury markers after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting(). J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2018 Sept.;19(9):735-738. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1700553. PubMed PMID: 30178640. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC6137419. See more on PubMed
Kwon BK, Streijger F, Fallah N, Noonan VK, Bélanger LM, Ritchie L, Paquette SJ, Ailon T, Boyd MC, Street J, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers To Stratify Injury Severity and Predict Outcome in Human Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma. 2017 Feb;34(3):567-580. doi: 10.1089/neu.2016.4435. Epub 2016 Aug 15. PubMed PMID: 27349274. See more on PubMed
Streijger F, Lee JH, Manouchehri N, Melnyk AD, Chak J, Tigchelaar S, So K, Okon EB, Jiang S, Kinsler R, Barazanji K, Cripton PA, Kwon BK. Responses of the Acutely Injured Spinal Cord to Vibration that Simulates Transport in Helicopters or Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected Vehicles. J Neurotrauma. 2016 Dec 15;33(24):2217-2226. doi: 10.1089/neu.2016.4456. Epub 2016 Jul 5. PubMed PMID: 27214588. See more on PubMed
Shih CC, Lee TS, Tsuang FY, Lin PL, Cheng YJ, Cheng HL, Wu CY. Pretreatment serum lactate level as a prognostic biomarker in patients undergoing supratentorial primary brain tumor resection. Oncotarget. 2017 Jun 29;8(38):63715-63723. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18891. eCollection 2017 Sep 8. PubMed PMID: 28969023. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC5609955. See more on PubMed
Vedovelli L, Padalino M, D'Aronco S, Stellin G, Ori C, Carnielli VP, Simonato M, Cogo P. Glial fibrillary acidic protein plasma levels are correlated with degree of hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass in congenital heart disease surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2017 Mar 1;24(3):436-442. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivw395. PubMed PMID: 28040762. See more on PubMed
Lauridsen C, Sando SB, Møller I, Berge G, Pomary PK, Grøntvedt GR, Salvesen Ø, Bråthen G, White LR. Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ43 Is Reduced in Early-Onset Compared to Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease, But Has Similar Diagnostic Accuracy to Aβ42. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017 Jun 28;9:210. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00210. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28701950. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC5487529. See more on PubMed
Miyake H, Inoue A, Tanaka M, Matsuki N. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein as a specific marker for necrotizing meningoencephalitis in Pug dogs. J Vet Med Sci. 2013 Nov;75(11):1543-5. doi: 10.1292/jvms.13-0252. Epub 2013 Jul 12. PubMed PMID: 23856761. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC3942992. See more on PubMed
Feneberg E, Steinacker P, Lehnert S, Böhm B, Mayer G, Otto M. Elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2013 Jul;14(7):692-4. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.04.013. Epub 2013 Jun 5. PubMed PMID: 23746601. See more on PubMed
Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, McGee NR, Verhulst SJ. CSF neurofilament light chain is elevated in OMS (decreasing with immunotherapy) and other pediatric neuroinflammatory disorders. J Neuroimmunol. 2014 Jan 15;266(1-2):75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.11.004. Epub 2013 Nov 16. PubMed PMID: 24342231. See more on PubMed
Uzawa A, Mori M, Sawai S, Masuda S, Muto M, Uchida T, Ito S, Nomura F, Kuwabara S. Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels are increased during initial neuromyelitis optica attacks. Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Jun 5;421:181-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.03.020. Epub 2013 Mar 25. PubMed PMID: 23535508. See more on PubMed
Yokobori S, Bullock R, Gajavelli S, Burks S, Mondello S, Mo J, Wang KK, Hayes RL, Bramlett H, Dietrich D. Preoperative-induced mild hypothermia attenuates neuronal damage in a rat subdural hematoma model. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2013;118:77-81. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1434-6_13. PubMed PMID: 23564108. See more on PubMed
Boutsikou T, Briana DD, Boutsikou M, Kafalidis G, Piatopoulou D, Baka S, Hassiakos D, Gourgiotis D, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Cord blood nesfatin-1 in large for gestational age pregnancies. Cytokine. 2013 Feb;61(2):591-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.10.029. Epub 2012 Nov 22. PubMed PMID: 23178145. See more on PubMed
Vajtr D, Benada O, Linzer P, Sámal F, Springer D, Strejc P, Beran M, Průša R, Zima T. Immunohistochemistry and serum values of S-100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and hyperphosphorylated neurofilaments in brain injuries. Soud Lek. 2012 Jan;57(1):7-12. PubMed PMID: 22724589. See more on PubMed
Žurek J, Fedora M. The usefulness of S100B, NSE, GFAP, NF-H, secretagogin and Hsp70 as a predictive biomarker of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012 Jan;154(1):93-103; discussion 103. doi: 10.1007/s00701-011-1175-2. PubMed PMID: 21976236. See more on PubMed
Kwon BK, Stammers AM, Belanger LM, Bernardo A, Chan D, Bishop CM, Slobogean GP, Zhang H, Umedaly H, Giffin M, Street J, Boyd MC, Paquette SJ, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF. Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of injury severity in acute human spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2010 Apr;27(4):669-82. doi: 10.1089/neu.2009.1080. PubMed PMID: 20038240. See more on PubMed
Brouns R, De Vil B, Cras P, De Surgeloose D, Mariën P, De Deyn PP. Neurobiochemical markers of brain damage in cerebrospinal fluid of acute ischemic stroke patients. Clin Chem. 2010 Mar;56(3):451-8. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.134122. Epub 2009 Dec 3. PubMed PMID: 19959621. See more on PubMed
Linker RA, Brechlin P, Jesse S, Steinacker P, Lee DH, Asif AR, Jahn O, Tumani H, Gold R, Otto M. Proteome profiling in murine models of multiple sclerosis: identification of stage specific markers and culprits for tissue damage. PLoS One. 2009 Oct 28;4(10):e7624. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007624. PubMed PMID: 19865482. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC2765069. See more on PubMed
Ting KK, Brew BJ, Guillemin GJ. Effect of quinolinic acid on human astrocytes morphology and functions: implications in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2009 Dec 10;6:36. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-6-36. PubMed PMID: 20003262. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC2797503. See more on PubMed
Jesse S, Steinacker P, Cepek L, von Arnim CA, Tumani H, Lehnert S, Kretzschmar HA, Baier M, Otto M. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and protein S-100B: different concentration pattern of glial proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2009;17(3):541-51. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2009-1075. PubMed PMID: 19433893. See more on PubMed
Kaneko T, Kasaoka S, Miyauchi T, Fujita M, Oda Y, Tsuruta R, Maekawa T. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein as a predictive biomarker of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2009 Jul;80(7):790-4. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 May 2. PubMed PMID: 19411130. See more on PubMed
Misu T, Takano R, Fujihara K, Takahashi T, Sato S, Itoyama Y. Marked increase in cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillar acidic protein in neuromyelitis optica: an astrocytic damage marker. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009 May;80(5):575-7. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.150698. PubMed PMID: 19372295. See more on PubMed
Lumpkins KM, Bochicchio GV, Keledjian K, Simard JM, McCunn M, Scalea T. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is highly correlated with brain injury. J Trauma. 2008 Oct;65(4):778-82; discussion 782-4. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318185db2d. PubMed PMID: 18849790. See more on PubMed
Ehrlich S, Burghardt R, Weiss D, Salbach-Andrae H, Craciun EM, Goldhahn K, Klapp BF, Lehmkuhl U. Glial and neuronal damage markers in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2008 Jun;115(6):921-7. doi: 10.1007/s00702-008-0033-8. Epub 2008 Mar 4. PubMed PMID: 18317683. See more on PubMed
Hsu AA, Fenton K, Weinstein S, Carpenter J, Dalton H, Bell MJ. Neurological injury markers in children with septic shock. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008 May;9(3):245-51. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181727b22. PubMed PMID: 18446104. See more on PubMed
Jung CS, Foerch C, Schänzer A, Heck A, Plate KH, Seifert V, Steinmetz H, Raabe A, Sitzer M. Serum GFAP is a diagnostic marker for glioblastoma multiforme. Brain. 2007 Dec;130(Pt 12):3336-41. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm263. Epub 2007 Nov 12. PubMed PMID: 17998256. See more on PubMed
Wunderlich MT, Wallesch CW, Goertler M. Release of glial fibrillary acidic protein is related to the neurovascular status in acute ischemic stroke. Eur J Neurol. 2006 Oct;13(10):1118-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01435.x. PubMed PMID: 16987165. See more on PubMed
Steiner J, Bielau H, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B, Wunderlich MT. Increased cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of S100B in first-onset schizophrenia are not related to a degenerative release of glial fibrillar acidic protein, myelin basic protein and neurone-specific enolase from glia or neurones. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;77(11):1284-7. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.093427. PubMed PMID: 17043297. PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC2077376. See more on PubMed
Beck ML, Freihaut B, Henry R, Pierce S, Bayer WL. A serum haemagglutinating property dependent upon polycarboxyl groups. Br J Haematol. 1975 Jan;29(1):149-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1975.tb01808.x. PubMed PMID: 32. See more on PubMed

Summary References (11)

References to Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

Runnerstam M et al.: Extracellular glial fibrillary acidic protein and amino acids in brain regions of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage – correlation with level of consciousness and site of bleeding. Neurolofical Research. 19: 361–368 (1997)
Missler U et al.: Measurement of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human blood: analytical method and premiliary clinical results. Clinical Chemistry. 45(1): 138–41 (1999)
Eng LF et al.: Glial fibrillary acidic protein: GFAP – Thirty – One Years (1969–2000). Neurochemical Research. 25: 1439–1451 (2000)
Whitelaw A et al.: Brain specific proteins in postheamorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 84: F90-F91 (2001)
Finch CE: Neurons, Glia, and Plasticity in normal Brain Aging. Adv Gerontol. 10: 35–39 (2002)
Beems T et al.: Serum- and CSF-concentrations of brain specific proteins in hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochirurgica. 145: 37–43 (2003)
Pelinka LE et al.: Glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum after traumatic brain injury and multiple trauma. Journal of Trauma. 57: 1006–1012 (2004)
Pelinka LE et al.: GFAP versus S100B in serum after traumatic brain injury: Relationship to brain damage and outcome. Journal of Neurotrauma. 21: 1553–1561 (2004)
Mouser PE et al.: Caspase-Mediated Cleavage of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein within Degenerating Astrocytes of the Alzheimer’s Disease Brain. Am J Pathol. 168(3): 936– 946 (2006)
Blechingberg J et al.: Regulatory mechanisms for 3'-end alternative splicing and polyadenylation of the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, GFAP, transcript. Nucleic Acids Res. 35(22): 7636–50 (2007)
Brommeland T et al.: Serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein correlate to tumour volume of high-grade gliomas. Acta Neurol Scand. 116(6): 380–4 (2007)

By Research Topic