Eotaxin, also known as CCL11, is a member of the CC chemokine family of inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. Constitutive Eotaxin mRNA expression has been detected in multiple tissues, most often it appears to be induced by inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNFα and IFNγ in fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. Following allergen challenge Eotaxin mRNA has been shown to be rapidly up-regulated in airway epithelium an alveolar macrophages. Eotaxin expression has also been detected in smooth muscle cells, chondrocytes and eosinophils. Mouse Eotaxin activity is mediated by the mouse CC chemokine receptor CCR3, which, unlike human CCR3, can also be activated by mouse MIP-1α. Among CC chemokine familiy members, Eotaxin is functionally and structurally mostly related to the MCP/Eotaxin proteins. Mouse Eotaxin cDNA encodes a 97 amino acid residue precursor protein that is cleaved to generate the 74 aa residue mature protein. Mouse Eotaxin has been shown to be a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils during inflammation and allergic reactions and to be involved in the growth of myeloid cell progenitors and the differentiation of mast cells during embryonic development. A role in numerous eosinophil-associated gastrointestinals disorders as food allergy, parasitic infections, allergic colitis and inflammatory Bowel disease has been described.
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