Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 55~68 kDa and 25% by weight of various sugars, whose heterogeneity results in variation of molecular weight. It inhibits chymotrypsin-like proteinases in vivo and has cytotoxic killer-cell activity in vitro. The protein also has a role as an acute-phase protein and is active in the control of immunologic and inflammatory processes, and as a tumor marker. Plasma ACT levels might increase rapidly more than 5-fold during an acute phase reaction, ACT has been shown to promote Aβ polymerization in vitro and in vivo, and levels of ACT protein in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer's patients have been found to correlate with progression of dementia.
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